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History of Dominoes
Tile games of some form have been found from around 1120 AD in
China. Chinese dominoes are longer than Western ones and are divided into two
types and were originally carved from bone or ivory with the indented pips made
of ebony. Each Chinese tile represents one of the twenty-one different
permutations of throwing two cubic dice although there are a total of thirty-two
tiles since certain dominoes are duplicated. A set of Chinese tiles is
divided into two categories - Military and Civilian. The Civilian tiles
are the set of tiles that have duplicates while the Military tiles are those
that are unique.
The game appeared first in Europe in 18th Century Italy, possibly in the courts
of Venice and Naples. Although domino tiles are clearly of Chinese inheritance,
there is debate over whether the game played by Europeans was brought by the
Chinese to Europe in the fourteenth century or, in fact, was invented independently.
European dominoes are shorter than Chinese ones and there is a single tile for
each permutation of the throw of two dice or a blank making a total of twenty-eight
tiles. This is the standard or "double-six" set and, as in China,
various games can be played with it. Double-twelve sets (91 tiles) are
popular in America and Double-nine sets (55 tiles) also provide some extra complexity
to this genre of game.
The game arrived in Britain in the late 18th Century from France (possibly
via French prisoners of war) and quickly seems to have become popular in inns
and taverns at the time. The word "Domino" is French for a black and
white hood worn by Christian priests in winter and that is probably from where
the name of the game derives.
You can learn more about Dominoes
from The Online Guide to Traditional
Games.
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