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History of Croquet
Mallet and ball games are thought to have been first played in England and
Europe during the middle ages. Games would normally involve only one ball which
would be struck through very wide hoops. A Croquet-like game is believed to
have been first played by thirteenth century French peasants who used crudely
fashioned mallets to whack wooden balls through hoops made of willow branches.
In seventeenth and eighteenth century France, mallet and ball games were quite
popular and one of them, "Paille Maille", was introduced to London
where it was played in open ground near St. James's Palace. This area became
known as Pall Mall which is how the famous street of today got its name.
The modern game of Croquet appears to be Irish in Origin. A game called Crooky
was played in Ireland from the 1830's and, in 1852, it was brought to England
where it quickly became popular. It was particularly popular with women because
it was the first outdoor sport which could be played by both sexes on an equal
footing. Widespread popularity began when Croquet equipment became readily available
due to London sporting goods manufacturer, John Jaques, who began selling complete
croquet sets.
Over the next 30 years uniform rules were established and national competitions
commenced, Croquet becoming a major sport of the day. The first national headquarters
was the Wimbledon All England Croquet Club (later to become the Wimbledon All
England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club); the first national championships were
held there in Victorian times.
Spearheaded by Australia and New Zealand, Croquet spread quickly to the British
colonies. By 1870, the game had reached virtually all of the British colonies
and its popularity grew, following the earlier trend of being especially popular
with women. Around this time, the game was denounced from the pulpits of the
day, and play was actually banned at some sporting clubs. Croquet was played
at the 1900 Olympics but around this time, the up-and-coming sport of Tennis
started to eclipse Croquet and this other game's ascension marked the end of
Croquet's heyday. The last 20 years has seen something of a resurgence
particularly amongst the young.
Today, Croquet is played competitively in over twenty countries, the major
ones in the 1990s being Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the USA.
In Australia, for example, there are nearly 7,000 registered players which
is a similar number to Olympic sports such as boxing and rowing.
In the USA, two forms of the game are played, International Association croquet
and American rules which uses the same lawn and equipment but has a few rule
variations. Many of the best competitors play both versions. In addition there
are some garden sets which have 9 hoops and 2 pegs.
Many other countries play croquet or their versions of it. France hosted the
1995 World Croquet Federation Championships, Japan plays Croquet along with
a similar game called Gateball, Egypt plays a simpler form of Association croquet.
In Russia, Tolstoy apparently had a Croquet lawn in his Moscow garden and astronauts
are reported to have played for relaxation upon their return from space. Finally,
China possesses many Croquet players from different age groups - a picture in
the Illustrated London news of 1938 showed Revolutionary guards playing the
game!
Learn more about Croquet
by visiting the Online Guide to Traditional
Games.
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